Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment. The Cofrin Logan Center serves as a hub for research, training, education, and outreach. We seek to understand, prevent, and treat addiction and related disorders, promote health and improved quality of life, and reduce stigma. If you or someone you know is living with opioid addiction in Carwright or the surrounding area, BAART Programs is here to help. We offer outpatient treatments for substance use disorder to fentanyl, heroin, and prescription opioid pain medications. Our main goal is to help individuals in their path to recovery and wellness.Best practice documents germane to addiction treatment have been published by the Addiction Technology Transfer Center , the Institute of Medicine , the Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment , the National Quality Forum and the Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation , among others. Acupuncture has been used to treat addiction for three decades [ 2 – 89 ]. For example, auricular acupuncture (AA) is effective in treating alcohol and drug abuse in both Europe and the United States [ 4 ]. However, several clinical trials have indicated that acupuncture was not effective in treating addiction [ 2, 3, 31, 67, 69, 78 – 80 ].For the first time, some states recently sought approval from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to allow Medicaid, the health insurance …The National UK Research Network for Behavioural Addictions (NUK-BA) was established to promote understanding of, research into, and treatments for behavioural addictions including gambling disorder, which is the only formally recognised behavioural addiction.Care Where You Need It. Building on decades of pioneering research on the treatment of alcohol, nicotine, opioid, and other drug dependencies, the Johns Hopkins Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and Research is a multidisciplinary center designed to integrate and coordinate Hopkins’ substance abuse treatment services, improve the patient’s experience and track patient outcomes, and ... Homelessness is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that affects millions of people worldwide. Among the homeless population, co-occurring substance abuse and mental health problems are prevalent and pose significant challenges for service delivery and intervention. This article reviews the literature on this topic and offers suggestions for …Specialized Outpatient Services. (Women’s Services and HIV Services) 1648 Gaylord Street. Denver, CO 80206. p: 303.333.4288. f: 303.333.4283. Our adult outpatient programs offer comprehensive drug & alcohol treatment services | ARTS Substance Abuse Clinic | Methadone Clinic Aurora.The institute will be co-led by a multidisciplinary team with experience in psychiatry, addiction research and treatment, infectious disease and neurobiology. One of the three associate directors is Dr. Eric Weintraub, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, who specializes in treating people with opioid use ...Ignoring the two categorization systems used by some metrics, 31 journals appeared in at least one metric top 20 and 11 in all eight. The top rank in each was occupied by one of three journals. Three-quarters of the correlations between rankings were above 6.0. The number of journals with an Impact Factor rose from 23 in 1997 to 38 in 2020, …Furthermore, the current work gives a good overview of the current state of research in the field of internet addiction treatment. Despite the limitations stated above this work gives a brief overview of the current state of research on IAD from a practical perspective and can therefore be seen as an important and helpful paper for further ... Research Studies. Protocol. Number. Status. Trajectories of Secondary Outcomes in CTN Trials. CTN-0149. Development. Cocaine Craving and Use Outcomes Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Study to Test the Safety and Effectiveness of Buprenorphine in the Presence of Naltrexone for the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence. CTN-0148.The importance of translating scientific advances in disease-specific interventions into clinical practice has been emphasized throughout the health care system, largely …The Addiction Psychiatry Fellowship at the University of Colorado is among the oldest accredited addiction psychiatry fellowships in the country. The training program is part of the Division of Substance Dependence, which is a large department that has a strong international reputation for clinical work and research. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was studied from the 1950s to the 1970s to evaluate behavioral and personality changes, as well as remission of psychiatric symptoms in various disorders. LSD was used in the treatment of anxiety, depression, psychosomatic diseases and addiction. However, most of the studies were not performed under …LAWRENCE — The Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment at the University of Kansas will welcome the public to celebrate the center’s first year of community programs, new research initiatives, and expanded staff and facilities during an open house reception from 3 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. Friday, Sept. 13.The work at hand continues the research tradition in behavioural addiction as it is characterized by polyphony (Thombs and Osborn Citation 2019), but it inspects them further in terms of how normality and deviance are produced and the techniques of governmentality involved in inpatient substance abuse treatment. Substance abuse …Addiction Research and Treatment Services (ARTS) is the clinical program of the Division of Addiction Science, Prevention, and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry at the University of Colorado, School of Medicine. ARTS has provided residential and outpatient empirically supported substance abuse treatment services in Colorado for over 50 years ... 5. A large body of research has clarified the biological, psychological, and social underpinnings of substance misuse and related disorders and described effective prevention, treatment, and recovery support services. Future research is needed to guide the new public health approach to substance misuse and substance use disordersAches, pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that aren’t easily explainable and do not improve with treatment. How Alcohol Abuse Can Factor into …Abstract. The movement in recent years towards evidence-based practice (EBP) in health care systems and policy has permeated the substance abuse treatment system, leading to a growing number of federal and statewide initiatives to mandate EBP implementation. Nevertheless, due to a lack of consensus in the addiction field regarding procedures or ...Now, researchers at the Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment at the University of Kansas Life Span Institute have published their experience making SMART Recovery groups available via computer and telephone to the community in Douglas County. Their paper appears this month in the peer-reviewed Journal of …Research Topics. En español. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is the largest supporter of the world’s research on substance use and addiction. Part of the National Institutes of Health, NIDA conducts and supports biomedical research to advance the science on substance use and addiction and improve individual and public health.The Government of Canada’s 2017 $5 billion investment to support increased access to mental health services 1 underlines the importance being placed on the implementation of evidence-based, cost-effective solutions. Federal funding commitments and published governmental priorities for Mental Health and Addiction (MHA) services offer …This paper reviews methodologically rigorous studies examining group treatments for interview-diagnosed drug use disorders. A total of 50 studies reporting on the efficacy of group drug use disorder treatments for adults met inclusion criteria. Studies examining group treatment for cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana, opioid, mixed …Charles A. Haertzen's 85 research works with 4,152 citations and 5,628 reads, including: Effects of Combined Fluoxetine and Counseling in the Outpatient Treatment of Cocaine AbusersMolecular and imaging studies have revealed addiction as a brain disorder with a strong genetic component, and this has galvanized research on new pharmacological treatments. However, a large disconnect remains between addiction research and the treatment of addiction in general, particularly within the criminal justice system.Substance Use Disorder in the U.S. 11.7% of Americans 12 and over use illegal drugs. 53 million or 19.4% of people 12 and over have used illegal drugs or misused prescription drugs within the last year. If alcohol and tobacco are included, 165 million, or 60.2% of Americans ages 12 years or older currently abuse drugs.But research has borne out the conclusion of a 1990 Institute of Medicine report ... These and other studies show that people who are mandated to undergo addiction treatment …Although recent research in both animals and humans has indicated that DBS may be an effective intervention for patients with treatment-refractory addiction, it is not yet entirely clear which ...Abstract. The movement in recent years towards evidence-based practice (EBP) in health care systems and policy has permeated the substance abuse treatment system, leading to a growing number of federal and statewide initiatives to mandate EBP implementation. Nevertheless, due to a lack of consensus in the addiction field regarding procedures or ...Previous research has shown that pregnant women are less likely to receive an appointment to an addiction treatment center; have difficulties obtaining child care at …Research shows contingency management is the most effective treatment for meth or cocaine addiction, especially when combined with other behavioral therapy. At the San Francisco AIDS Foundation ...Substance use disorder is a mental health disorder in which a person continually uses drugs or alcohol even though it is causing physical, psychological, and/or personal harm. Symptoms can be physical, …Research on the incidence, etiology and substance abuse treatment needs of lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LBT) women is limited. Most research indicates higher levels of alcohol and drug abuse among these populations compared to their heterosexual counterparts, with recent research indicating that substance abuse is a particular …Care Where You Need It. Building on decades of pioneering research on the treatment of alcohol, nicotine, opioid, and other drug dependencies, the Johns Hopkins Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and Research is a multidisciplinary center designed to integrate and coordinate Hopkins’ substance abuse treatment services, improve the patient’s experience and track patient outcomes, and ... The inhibitor plays a significant role in addiction by rewarding substance use and reinforcing addictive behaviors. Research shows that chronic phone use can increase or decrease GABA production. Disturbances to the GABA system are proven to be a warning sign of addiction. ... Phone Addiction Treatment. Phone addiction is …The notion that addiction is a medical problem, or a “disease”, can be traced back centuries.52 Towards the mid-1990s, based on neuroimaging research, a number of prominent US research agencies framed alcohol and other drug addiction as a chronic, relapsing brain disease.53,54 The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) in the US, …Nov 2, 2023 · The Services Research Branch (SRB) supports rigorous research to improve population health by maximizing the efficient delivery of high-quality, personalized addiction treatment and related services. SRB seeks advance science to inform the design and implementation of stigma-free patient-centered systems of care so that people who experience ... What We Do:The Services Research Branch (SRB) supports rigorous research to improve population health by maximizing the efficient delivery of high-quality, personalized addiction treatment and related services. SRB seeks advance science to inform the design and implementation of stigma-free patient-centered systems of care so …principles of effective drug addiction treatment, answers to frequently asked questions, an overview of the drug addiction treatment landscape in the United States, and an outline of evidence-based treatment approaches. For the latest information on treatment research visit NIDA’s Treatment web page. Publication Date: January 2014Molecular and imaging studies have revealed addiction as a brain disorder with a strong genetic component, and this has galvanized research on new pharmacological treatments. However, a large disconnect remains between addiction research and the treatment of addiction in general, particularly within the criminal justice system.The brain: Addiction leads to changes in the brain's reward circuits over time.; Family history: You may be more likely to become addicted if you have family members who also have addictions.; Genetics: Research suggests that genetics increases the likelihood of developing an addiction; Environment: Exposure to addictive …The first addiction treatment center to offer services specifically for LGBT people was the Pride Institute in Minnesota, which opened its doors in 1986 (Ratner 1988). ... Maxwell J (2009) Addiction Research Institute, University of Texas. Personal Communication, 21 June 2009. Google ScholarThe alcohol and addiction research domain criteria (AARDoC) , which have been operationalized in the addictions neuroclinical assessment , focus on the following three domains that correspond to particular phases in the addiction cycle: incentive salience in the binge/intoxication phase, negative emotionality in the withdrawal/negative …The German Society for Research and Treatment in Addiction (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie DG-Sucht) was founded in Berlin in 1978. There had been earlier societies in the field, such as the Association of Abstinent Doctors in German-Speaking Countries (Verein Abstinenter Ärzte des Deutschen …and addiction treatments and their implementation, which IZM ZMÆMK\ML QV \PQ[ O]QLM Nora D. Volkow, M.D. Director National Institute on Drug Abuse Nearly four decades of scientific research and clinical practice have yielded a variety of effective approaches to drug addiction treatment.Acupuncture therapy has been used to treat substance abuse. This study aims to review experimental studies examining the effects of acupuncture on addiction. Research and review articles on acupuncture treatment of substance abuse published between January 2000 and September 2014 were searched using the databases ISI …Pharmacotherapy alone may only help to reduce the severity of the disorder (s).The Division of Addiction Research and Treatment is nationally recognized for its pioneering work in driving evidence-based approaches to Opioid Use Disorders (OUD) treatment developed over several decades. This effort is evident on several fronts and includes both innovative clinical treatment approaches and education for medical students and ... Studies on overcoming addiction have generally been conducted within treatment samples. Still, it is estimated that a majority of persons with alcohol and drug problems, including heroin, overcome their addiction without formal treatment (Heyman Citation 2013; Klingemann, Sobell, and Sobell Citation 2009).The Division of Addiction Science, Prevention, and Treatment is the largest research-focused Division in the Department of Psychiatry with 9 research faculty with 15 federally-funded grant awards among them including the NIDA-funded Rocky Mountain Cannabis Research Center (RM-CRC) The Division also provides an unparalleled addiction research training and mentorship environment for medical ... He is the former Associate Director for Clinical and Translational Research at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Moss is a board-certified addiction and general psychiatrist. For the past 30 years, Dr. Moss has been a key opinion leader in addiction psychiatry ... Core tip: Internet addiction has appeared as new mental health concern. To date, reviews have focused on clinical and treatment studies of Internet addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder, limiting the analysis to a specific diagnosis of a potential disorder that has not yet been officially recognised, rather than a comprehensive investigation of …Ayahuasca-Assisted Therapy for Addiction: Current Status and Future Prospects. This paper reviews the evidence of ayahuasca's potential as a treatment for substance use disorders, based on clinical trials, observational studies, and qualitative reports. It also discusses the challenges and risks of using this powerful psychedelic brew in therapeutic …Researchers will use brain scans and other tools to assess more than 10,000 youth over a 10-year span. The study will track the links between substance use and brain changes, academic achievement, IQ, thinking skills, and mental health over time. ... To treat addiction, scientists have identified several medications and behavioral therapies ...In terms of bibliometric analysis of social media addiction research, few studies have attempted to review the existing literature in the domain extensively. ... They argue that addiction to digital media should be considered a mental health disorder and treatment options should be made available to users. In contrast, scholars within the red ...Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment. The Cofrin Logan Center serves as a hub for research, training, education, and outreach. We seek to understand, prevent, and treat addiction and related disorders, promote health and improved quality of life, and reduce stigma. The notion that addiction is a medical problem, or a “disease”, can be traced back centuries.52 Towards the mid-1990s, based on neuroimaging research, a number of prominent US research agencies framed alcohol and other drug addiction as a chronic, relapsing brain disease.53,54 The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) in the US, …The June 2013 special issue of Psychology of Addictive Behaviors on "Neuroimaging mechanisms of treatment change for addictive behaviors" features research by several psychologists mentioned in this article. Papers include: Jon Morgenstern: "The contributions of cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging to understanding mechanisms of behavior …The Division of Addiction Research and Treatment has established collaborations with addiction treatment programs in Caroline, Garrett, and Washington Counties. This has allowed medication assisted therapy (MAT) to be provided via videoconferencing to patients with opioid use disorders in these under-served communities. Like most complex problems, the opioid crisis has multiple roots, 5 including changing social and economic conditions, limited availability of safe and effective analgesics, insufficient treatment capacity for OUD and legal approaches that criminalize OUD rather than fostering treatment. The two major driving factors of the crisis, however ... Jun 23, 2022 · Gambling addiction or gambling disorder is a clinical diagnosis with criteria that include signs of addiction, such as: The need to gamble more and more to feel desired effects. Withdrawal symptoms like restlessness and irritability when trying to stop or avoid gambling. Repeated efforts to stop or control behavior. Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is effective and improves mortality, treatment retention, and remission, but most people with OUD remain untreated. 10-15 Many parts of the United States lack access to buprenorphine prescribers, and only a few addiction treatment programs offer all forms of MOUD. 16-18 This lack of access has …Oct 16, 2019 · Advances in understanding addiction treatment and recovery. This Special Collection on Addiction focuses on scientific advances in the treatment and recovery mechanisms of addiction related to four widely misused substances: alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and opioids. Although the opioid crisis has taken center stage across public policy and ... Journal of Addiction Research & Treatment (JART) is an interdisciplinary, open access journal which provides original research on the vital issues including the latest research, treatments, and public policy issues in addiction research & therapy.JART creates a platform to share their knowledge and insights on the most important research and …The inhibitor plays a significant role in addiction by rewarding substance use and reinforcing addictive behaviors. Research shows that chronic phone use can increase or decrease GABA production. Disturbances to the GABA system are proven to be a warning sign of addiction. ... Phone Addiction Treatment. Phone addiction is …In order to quickly respond to your needs, a trained mental health professional is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You can make an appointment by calling: Ingalls Memorial at 708-915-6411. UChicago Medicine at 1-888-824-0200. Our assessment and referral staff assesses each individual to determine his or her behavioral health needs and ... Although recent research has expanded understanding of alcohol use disorder, more research is needed to identify the neurobiological, genetic and …Addiction is a chronic but treatable medical condition. Often unintentionally, many people still talk about addiction in ways that are stigmatizing—meaning they use words that can portray someone with a substance use disorder (SUD) in a shameful or negative way and may prevent them from seeking treatment. 9 With simple changes in …Ryan Kemp. National Health Service. Addiction and recovery from addiction are described by synthesising fifty-two qualitative studies from thirty-two years of research. Based on the lived ...Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is a type of behavioral addiction that involves compulsive Internet use. People with an Internet addiction may have underlying mental health or substance use issues that may require specialized addiction treatment. According to the Pew Research Center, 93 percent of adults in the United States use the …The institute will be co-led by a multidisciplinary team with experience in psychiatry, addiction research and treatment, infectious disease and neurobiology. One of the three associate directors is Dr. Eric Weintraub, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, who specializes in treating people with opioid use ...As we gain a better understanding of underlying issues, the stigma surrounding addiction and all mental illnesses will continue to be overcome. Ms Fischer is a writer and editor for Ohio Recovery Center, an addiction treatment provider offering substance abuse care in Van Wert, Ohio. References. 1. Drug overdose deaths remain …Third, research is needed to evaluate whether residential or inpatient treatment is superior to outpatient treatment for initiating MOUD. This question is important to evaluate the optimal allocation of resources for the treatment of OUD. ... Increasing the number of addiction treatment and prevention programs, particularly in low-resource ...Signs and symptoms of a social media addiction might include: spending the majority of time on social media, thinking about it, or creating social media content (outside of work) neglecting offline relationships. inability to focus on things other than social media. feeling restless, anxious, or agitated when unable to access social media.Sep 25, 2019 · The alcohol and addiction research domain criteria (AARDoC) , which have been operationalized in the addictions neuroclinical assessment , focus on the following three domains that correspond to particular phases in the addiction cycle: incentive salience in the binge/intoxication phase, negative emotionality in the withdrawal/negative affect ... Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a novel treatment for psychiatric disease and has gradually gained popularity in the treatment of addiction. Addiction is characterized by neuroplastic changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key structure in the brain reward system, and DBS in this region has shown promising treatment effects. In this …What We Do:The Services Research Branch (SRB) supports rigorous research to improve population health by maximizing the efficient delivery of high-quality, personalized addiction treatment and related services. SRB seeks advance science to inform the design and implementation of stigma-free patient-centered systems of care so …The independent research body would distribute funds by placing national calls on research areas of current interest to policy, prevention, treatment, and biological research. The funds should not be held or administered by any organisation that has potential conflicts of interest in relation to the gambling industry, such as dependency on …
Dec 24, 2023 · Journal overview. Since being founded in 1993, Addiction Research and Theory has been the leading outlet for research and theoretical contributions that view addictive behaviour as arising from psychological processes within the individual and the social context in which the behaviour takes place as much as from the biological effects of the ... . Opercent27reillypercent27s on rivers avenue
Aims: This paper aims to identify ethical issues in the current uses of smartphones in addiction research and treatment. Methods: A search of three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and PsycInfo) identified 33 studies involving smartphones or mHealth applications for use in the research and treatment of substance abuse and addiction. …Substance use disorder (SUD) is a treatable mental disorder that affects a person’s brain and behavior, leading to their inability to control their use of substances like legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, or medications. Symptoms can be moderate to severe, with addiction being the most severe form of SUD. People with a SUD may also have other ... Addiction Research and Treatment Services (ARTS) is the clinical program of the Division of Addiction Science, Prevention, and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry at the …Ayahuasca-Assisted Therapy for Addiction: Current Status and Future Prospects. This paper reviews the evidence of ayahuasca's potential as a treatment for substance use disorders, based on clinical trials, observational studies, and qualitative reports. It also discusses the challenges and risks of using this powerful psychedelic brew in therapeutic …He is the former Associate Director for Clinical and Translational Research at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Moss is a board-certified addiction and general psychiatrist. For the past 30 years, Dr. Moss has been a key opinion leader in addiction psychiatry ...The independent research body would distribute funds by placing national calls on research areas of current interest to policy, prevention, treatment, and biological research. The funds should not be held or administered by any organisation that has potential conflicts of interest in relation to the gambling industry, such as dependency on …Research Coordinator at START Treatment & Recovery Centers Brooklyn, New York, United States ... Director of Human Resources at Addiction Research and Treatment CorporationAbstract. The movement in recent years towards evidence-based practice (EBP) in health care systems and policy has permeated the substance abuse treatment system, leading to a growing number of federal and statewide initiatives to mandate EBP implementation. Nevertheless, due to a lack of consensus in the addiction field regarding procedures or ...This paper reviews methodologically rigorous studies examining group treatments for interview-diagnosed drug use disorders. A total of 50 studies reporting on the efficacy of group drug use disorder treatments for adults met inclusion criteria. Studies examining group treatment for cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana, opioid, mixed …Abstract. The movement in recent years towards evidence-based practice (EBP) in health care systems and policy has permeated the substance abuse treatment system, leading to a growing number of federal and statewide initiatives to mandate EBP implementation. Nevertheless, due to a lack of consensus in the addiction field regarding procedures or ...In reality, drug addiction is a complex disease, and quitting usually takes more than good intentions or a strong will. Drugs change the brain in ways that make quitting hard, even for those who want to. Fortunately, researchers have found treatments that can help people recover from drug addiction and lead productive lives. Read the DrugFacts This paper reviews methodologically rigorous studies examining group treatments for interview-diagnosed drug use disorders. A total of 50 studies reporting on the efficacy of group drug use disorder treatments for adults met inclusion criteria. Studies examining group treatment for cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana, opioid, mixed …Those studies suggest that 9% of people who use marijuana will become dependent on it, 24,25 rising to about 17% in those who start using in their teens. 26,27. In 2015, about 4.0 million people in the United States met the diagnostic criteria for a marijuana use disorder; 3 138,000 voluntarily sought treatment for their marijuana use. 28.Jun 21, 2021 · This paper reviews methodologically rigorous studies examining group treatments for interview-diagnosed drug use disorders. A total of 50 studies reporting on the efficacy of group drug use disorder treatments for adults met inclusion criteria. Studies examining group treatment for cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana, opioid, mixed substance ... Best practice documents germane to addiction treatment have been published by the Addiction Technology Transfer Center , the Institute of Medicine , the Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment , the National Quality Forum and the Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation , among others. Inspiration for Men is a residential treatment program for men navigating the challenges of substance or alcohol abuse. For more information, Call 303-734-5000. Inspiration for Men will provide a supportive environment for men on the journey to a better and healthier life. Our methods offer compassionate care and support throughout the recovery ... Jun 1, 2013 · Breaking free from addiction. Researchers have developed effective behavioral and pharmaceutical therapies to treat addiction — but addiction treatment practice hasn't caught up with the science. What can psychologists do to help? By Lea Winerman. Monitor Staff June 2013, Vol 44, No. 6. Print version: page 30. 10 min read Feb 24, 2023 · Addiction Treatment. In 2021, approximately 43.7 million people aged 12 or older (15.6% of the population) needed substance use treatment in the past year. However, only 6.8% of them received substance use treatment at a specialty facility (2021 DT 5.39B). *1 Review these research-based guides for helpful information on addiction treatment. Addiction articles from across Nature Portfolio. Addiction involves loss of control over use of a substance, often in the presence of physiological and psychological …Addiction Research and Treatment Services (ARTS) is the clinical program of the Division of Addiction Science, Prevention, and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry at the University of Colorado, School of Medicine. ARTS was developed in 1972 in response to burgeoning prevalence rates of alcohol and drug abuse and addiction among the ….