Jul 28, 2021 ... 1. Frosting and icing: Powdered sugar is the main ingredient in buttercream frosting, icing, whipped cream, and fondant because it dissolves ...Sugar is a generic term referring to sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates commonly used in food. It encompasses various types, including simple sugars or monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose. The most familiar form of sugar is sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, which originates from sugar cane or beets.Full description. Our Powdered Brown Sugar is an all-natural brown sugar with a free-flowing, clump-free texture. Unlike traditional brown sugar, Powdered Brown ...Oct 26, 2022 · Instructions. Put sugar in a bowl and whisk in milk and vanilla extract until mixture is smooth. You can add more or less milk or sugar to get the consistency you want. When I add the vanilla extract, I usually use the clear vanilla extract to keep from darkening the glaze. You can sift the powdered sugar if you want. When the recipe calls for a fine consistency and an exceptionally smooth texture, only Domino® Powdered Sugar will do. Our light and sweet sugar is made by grinding granulated sugar into a smooth, soft powder that is perfect for mixing, stirring or sprinkling onto your favorite treats. Whether you are preparing fluffy buttercream frosting ... Combine the sugar and cornstarch in a blender or coffee grinder. Allow the ingredients to mix for approximately two minutes, until the sugar has turned to a fine powder. Use the powdered sugar immediately in baking recipes and glazes, or sprinkle it on top of waffles or French toast. You can store your powdered sugar in an airtight …Judee’s 6X Powdered Confectioners Sugar 2.5 lb - 100% Non-GMO, Gluten-Free, and Nut-Free - 6X Size Perfect for Icings, Frostings, and Dusting Baked Goods 4.6 out of 5 stars 76 1 offer from $14.99Powdered sugar is a product made from white, granulated sugar that is ground until it reaches a superfine state that resembles powder. Sometimes referred to as confectioners' sugar, icing sugar ...Jun 8, 2016 · Pour the granulated sugar into the bowl of a powerful blender or food processor. You don’t want to do this in a cheap or old appliance because it probably just won’t get fine enough. Blend until the sugar is fine, fluffy, and powdered. Keep the lid on until the powder has completely settled. If using right away, sift before adding to a recipe. Apr 2, 2019 · Here’s what to do (or see the full recipe below): Mix together powdered sugar and milk. We usually do ½ cup powdered sugar to 1 tablespoon milk. You’ll stir it together for 1 minute, until all the lumps dissolve and it’s a drizzle-able texture. This makes for ¼ cup powdered sugar icing. Place the sugar and arrowroot powder in a high-powered blender. Add the lid and blend on high for 30 seconds. You may also want to use a towel to cover the top of the blender, to prevent any powder from …Instructions. Combine powdered sugar and softened butter with an electric mixer. Add vanilla and 1 tablespoon of milk. Gradually add additional milk, if needed, until you reach a smooth, easy to spread frosting. Once prepared, add food coloring, if desired, stirring the coloring in by spoon. *If too runny, add additional powdered sugar to ...Use this sugar-free recipe for garnishing cakes and pastries.When you hear the terms confectioners’ or powdered sugar, you may be thinking they’re one and the same. However, there are 2 major differences that set …Confectioners’ sugar is a coarsely ground white powder that is commonly added to baked goods such as cakes and cookies. It adds sweetness and helps prevent icings from sinking into the cake batter. Icing sugar is a finely ground white powder that is usually mixed with water before being applied to food. It is used to add moisture and texture ...Powdered sugar, which is also called confectioner’s sugar, icing sugar, or 10x sugar, is a very finely ground white sugar. Because powdered sugar is so finely ground it is also combined with a bit of cornstarch, or other starch, to prevent it from clumping. Powdered sugar dissolves extremely quickly into baked goods, and because of its fine ...Powdered sugar can last ages if kept clean, dry, and sealed. The biggest enemies of powdered sugar are contaminants, hungry bugs, odors, and water. Water is less of a problem as you can work around it. Commercial powdered sugar may contain a tiny bit of cornstarch to prevent clumping, but cornstarch lasts an indefinite period of time as well.Veja uma lista com tipos de açúcar em inglês. Olá Julio, Pesquisei mais um pouco sobre este açúcar que não muda em contato com a umidade e ele é chamado de snow sugar, snow powder, snow powder sugar, non-melting topping sugar, dusting icing sugar e ainda non-melting powdered sugar. E ainda deve existir outros 🙂 O icing sugar …May 27, 2021 · 4.96 from 21 votes. Author Christi Johnstone. Course Dessert. Cuisine American. This quick and easy Powdered Sugar Frosting Recipe takes just minutes to make and is perfect for frosting your favorite cakes and cupcakes. Prep Time 10 mins. Total Time 10 mins. Servings 24 servings. Mar 12, 2021 ... How to make icing sugar by hand? If you don't have a blender or spice/coffee grinder, then you can still make homemade powdered sugar by hand.One cup of powdered sugar is 4.41 ounces, so there are 3.63 cups in a pound of powdered sugar. The calculation is 16 ounces divided by 4.41 ounces per cup. Sifted powdered sugar is...Powdered sugar is just a finer, softer version of granulated sugar. Here's how you can make it at home.Unlike granulated sugar, however, confectioner's sugar is between 95 and 97 percent sucrose, due to the fact that it contains 3 to 5 percent cornstarch by weight, to help it flow and prevent it from clumping. You can make your own powdered sugar simply by grinding ordinary sugar in a coffee grinder. If you're using it right away versus planning ...In the bowl of the stand mixer with the paddle attachment, add the room-temperature block of cream cheese and mix it on low speed until smooth. You can also do this in a large bowl with an electric hand mixer. With the mixer on low speed to medium speed, begin adding chunks of butter to the whipped cream cheese and mix until …Instructions. Combine powdered sugar and softened butter with an electric mixer. Add vanilla and 1 tablespoon of milk. Gradually add additional milk, if needed, until you reach a smooth, easy to spread frosting. Once prepared, add food coloring, if desired, stirring the coloring in by spoon. *If too runny, add additional powdered sugar to ...13 products · Whipzi™ chocolate flavored powdered sugar. · Whipzi™ lemon flavored powdered sugar. · Whipzi™ orange flavored powdered sugar. · Whipzi™ st...Cinnamon Sugar Donut Holes Recipe. -To give this recipe a delicious cinnamon sugar donut hole flavor instead of powdered sugar, swap powdered sugar for ½ cup of cinnamon sugar. -Let donut holes dry on a paper towel to drain excess oil and cool down to warm but not hot. -Place the cinnamon sugar into a brown paper bag and gently …May 6, 2023 ... All you need is a bowl of sugar, molasses and a wooden spoon or stiff rubber spatula. I like using Non GMO raw cane sugar and organic ...In a Pinch? Make Powdered Sugar at Home · Pour sugar and cornstarch into a blender or food processor. · Blend the sugar until it is a fine, fluffy powdered ...To keep it simple, if a box is 1 pound ( or 16 ounces ), it will have 3 ½ cups of powdered sugar. In order to measure correctly, check if your recipe calls for sifted or unsifted sugar. Sifted sugar takes up more …Judee’s 6X Powdered Confectioners Sugar 5 lb - 100% Non-GMO, Gluten-Free, and Nut-Free - 6X Size Perfect for Icing, Frosting, and Dusting Baked Goods. 5 Pound (Pack of 1) Options: 3 sizes. 88. $2499 ($0.31/Ounce) $23.74 with Subscribe & Save discount. FREE delivery Thu, Feb 8 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. How to make powdered sugar - Step by step. Add the granulated sugar and cornstarch to a powerful blender or a food processor (photo 1). Pulse until the mixture has the powdery consistency of powdered or confectioners' sugar (photo 2). Stir with a spatula to make sure it is all getting blended . Use your powdered sugar in your favorite baking ...7 Dec 2023 ... Instructions · Combine the sugar and cornstarch in a high-powered blender, food processor, or coffee grinder and blend until the sugar is ...When you hear the terms confectioners’ or powdered sugar, you may be thinking they’re one and the same. However, there are 2 major differences that set confectioners’ sugar versus powdered ...Add flour, sugar, and salt to a saucepan over medium heat. Whisk for 1 minute to combine. Add milk and whisk CONSTANTLY (lower the heat once the milk is hot) until the mixture reaches a pudding-like consistency. Then cool down the roux. Remove the mixture from the heat and transfer it to a shallow bowl.Recipes that use powdered sugar: Blackberry Buckle. Cherry Honey Bun Cake. Almond Pound Cake. Christmas Puppy Chow. Valentine’s Day Puppy Chow. Pot of Gold Puppy Chow. Easy Peanut Butter Pie. Easy Cannoli Dip. Powdered sugar and sugar, both sweet-tasting and soluble carbohydrates, are widely used in food.While sugar refers to the generic name encompassing various simple sugars such as glucose, fructose, and galactose, powdered sugar, also known as confectioners’ sugar or icing sugar, distinguishes itself by its finely ground texture.Pour the granulated sugar into the bowl of a powerful blender or food processor. You don’t want to do this in a cheap or old appliance because it probably just …Dec 16, 2023 · It’s pretty easy to make confectioners’ sugar. Simply combine 1 cup granulated sugar with 1 tablespoon cornstarch in a blender or food processor, then blitz on high speed until a fine powder ... Unlike cornstarch, tapioca begins to swell and absorb liquids long before it's boiling-hot, providing greater thickening power in low- to no-heat applications.Feb 4, 2020 · Measure out half the amount that you’ll be needing. (Half a cup of regular sugar will produce one cup of powdered sugar) Pour sugar into a high-powered blender. If using, add cornstarch. Blend on high until sugar is fine and fluffy (about 30 seconds). Optional: sift before use for clump free, extra fluffy sugar. For chocolate frosting, swap out a half cup of the sugar free powdered sugar with unsweetened cocoa powder. Or for additional flavorings, simply swap out the vanilla extract with an extract of your choice. Lastly, a few drops of food coloring can make your frosting more colorful. Ingredients needed to make 5 Ingredient Sugar Free Cream …This homemade sugar free powdered sugar stores well so you can make a large batch if want and store in an air tight container in a cool dry place. Now if you really don't want to make yours swerve is a good one to use. I used swerve powered sweetener a lot before buying my coffee grinder. A nutri bullet works well too.May 22, 2014 ... Depending on where a recipe was written, it may be called icing sugar, powdered sugar, or confectioners sugar. It's basically all the same, ...Judee’s 6X Powdered Confectioners Sugar 5 lb - 100% Non-GMO, Gluten-Free, and Nut-Free - 6X Size Perfect for Icing, Frosting, and Dusting Baked Goods. 5 Pound (Pack of 1) Options: 3 sizes. 88. $2499 ($0.31/Ounce) $23.74 with Subscribe & Save discount. FREE delivery Thu, Feb 8 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. Oct 6, 2022 · Place sugar and cornstarch into the work bowl of a food processor and process until the mixture is fine and powdery, 2 to 3 minutes. Add the butter to a large mixing bowl, and use a hand mixer to beat it until soft and fluffy. Add in the peanut butter and beat until fully combined with the butter and smooth. Pour in the vanilla extract, and blend again to combine. Add 2 cups of the powdered sugar and mix on medium speed until fully incorporated.25 Mar 2022 ... What Are the Differences Between Caster Sugar and Powdered Sugar? · Powdered sugar contains cornstarch. The cornstarch allows it to remain ...All you have to do is two easy steps! Here’s what to do (or see the full recipe below): Mix together powdered sugar and milk. We usually do ½ cup powdered sugar to 1 tablespoon milk. You’ll stir it together for 1 minute, until all the lumps dissolve and it’s a drizzle-able texture. This makes for ¼ cup powdered sugar icing.Peotraco Confectioners Sugar Powdered Powder Fine 2kg/1kg. ₱138. 7.1K sold. Valenzuela City, Metro Manila. Sugar King Confectioners Icing Powdered Powder Sugar 2kg 1kg. ₱135. 8.3K sold. Valenzuela City, Metro Manila. Peotraco Confectioners Powdered Sugar 2kg Halal Best for Baking New Stock. Drake says substituting regular sugar for powdered sugar isn't ideal. "Regular sugar has a larger crystal size than powdered sugar," he explains. "This means, cup for cup, there would be more sugar in a cup of powdered sugar than in a cup of regular sugar." In addition to inconsistent measurements, regular sugar won't dissolve and mix …If you ever need powdered sugar and don't have any on hand you can make it yourself by blending regular granulated sugar in a blender for a minute or two. If you ever need powdered...In a Pinch? Make Powdered Sugar at Home · Pour sugar and cornstarch into a blender or food processor. · Blend the sugar until it is a fine, fluffy powdered ...Powdered sugar is just plain white sugar that has been blended or ground into a very fine powder. This can be done at home too, as long as you’ve got a spice grinder and some patience. This powdered sugar can be used in icings (as an icing sugar, since it’s the same), or as a dusting over cookies, or really in any way you like it.For chocolate frosting, swap out a half cup of the sugar free powdered sugar with unsweetened cocoa powder. Or for additional flavorings, simply swap out the vanilla extract with an extract of your choice. Lastly, a few drops of food coloring can make your frosting more colorful. Ingredients needed to make 5 Ingredient Sugar Free Cream …All you need to do is add a handful or more of powdered sugar into a bowl, top with the lemon zest, squeeze in a little bit of juice and a drop of milk. If the mixture is too thin, add more powdered sugar. If the glaze is too thick, add more milk or lemon juice. You really can’t mess this up!Package Dimensions : 13.62 x 8.46 x 2.76 inches; 4 Pounds. Item model number : 411354. UPC : 773821418148 049200051955. Manufacturer : Domino. ASIN : B00LPX1KS2. Best Sellers Rank: #66,285 in Grocery & Gourmet Food ( See Top 100 in Grocery & Gourmet Food) #88 in White Granulated Sugar. Customer Reviews: Oct 19, 2023 · Powdered sugar glaze has in its very basic form 3 ingredients: powdered sugar; heavy cream; vanilla extract; Although you can use different ingredients for the cream and flavoring, powdered sugar is the only constant in every variation. Instructions. Place granulated sugar into your blender jar or spice grinder jar or food processor container. 1 Cup Sugar. Close with a lid, turn on the device and use it …Does baby powder stop sweating? Visit Discovery Health to learn if baby powder stops sweating. Advertisement If you have problems with excessive sweating, you'll probably try a var...16 Jun 2023 ... 7 Substitutes For Powdered Sugar · Granulated sugar · Granulated sugar · Stevia · Honey or maple syrup · Coconut sugar · A...Step 1: Melt the butter and brown sugar in a saucepan until it begins to boil. Boil for 1 minute and 45 seconds, then remove from heat. Step 2: Stir in the peanut butter and vanilla immediately until mostly smooth. Step 3: Pour the peanut butter mixture into a large bowl with the powdered sugar.Instructions. Take white granulated sugar and blend it in a high-powdered blender or food processor on high for about 30 seconds or until it has turned into a fine powder. Then, sift the homemade powdered sugar to remove any remaining sugar crystals. Optionally, blend corn starch along with sugar for a few seconds.1. In a small bowl, combine 1 cup of sugar and 1/2 cup of water. 2. Place the coffee grinder or food processor on the lowest speed and slowly pour the mixture into the coffee grinder or food processor. 3. Blend until the sugar has been chopped into small pieces and the mixture is smooth.C&h Powdered Sugar 4 Lbs (1) 441. $1499. Judee’s 6X Powdered Confectioners Sugar 2.5 lb - 100% Non-GMO, Gluten-Free, and Nut-Free - 6X Size Perfect for Icings, Frostings, and Dusting Baked Goods. 83. $3199. Unpretentious Powdered Sugar, 2 Gallon Bucket, Confectioners Sugar, For Baking, Candy Making, Desserts (144 Ounces) 102. $899. Buy SUGAR Set The Tone Tinted Powder online at best prices on Nykaa to avail express shipping with great offers.Sep 1, 2023 · Confectioners' sugar is used to refer to any of a variety of refined sugars that have been finely ground into a powdery form. It's simply another name for powdered sugar (in the U.S.) and icing sugar (in the U.K. and Canada). You might even hear it called "10X sugar," indicating how much finer the consistency is than table sugar (also called ... In a Pinch? Make Powdered Sugar at Home · Pour sugar and cornstarch into a blender or food processor. · Blend the sugar until it is a fine, fluffy powdered ...Muscovado sugar, also known as Barbados sugar, is a type of British brown sugar. Muscovado sugar is very dark brown in color and has more molasses than light or dark brown sugar. The sugar crystals are a little larger than regular brown sugar and the texture is stickier. Muscovado sugar is used in sweets with rich flavors such as …BB Royal Bura/Powder Sugar/Sakkare · It is used to make icing or frosting and other cake decorations. · It is often dusted onto baked goods to add a subtle ...Yes! Powdered sugar, confectioners’ sugar (including confectioners sugar and confectioner’s sugar too), icing sugar, and 10X …Bulk Powdered Sugar Makes it Easy For You to Create Large Amounts of Icing, Frosting, and More. Filters. Sort by. Compare Products. Domino 10X Confectioners Sugar - 50 lb. #104sug10x50. From $43.32 /Each. Reg. 5 - 9. What is powdered sugar? Powdered sugar, confectioners’ sugar, icing sugar or 10x sugar is granulated sugar that has been pulverized to a powder. To substitute a cup of granulated sugar use 1 3/4 cups of powdered. Although it is not recommended for all recipes. Recipe Ingredients. Sugar – granulated or very fine sugarAlso, you could just use regular granulate sugar in place of powdered in baking (white or raw). Substitute 1 3/4 cup of granulated sugar for 1 cup of powdered sugar. You won’t get the same texture, but the sweetness and flavor will …Powdered sugar glaze, also known as confectioner’s sugar glaze or flat icing, is a very simple mixture of powdered sugar and some type of liquid. Sugar glaze can be used to drizzle over pound cake, quick breads, cookies, and scones. This is also the kind of icing that is used as a glaze for glazed donuts. Powdered sugar glaze is by far the ... Add flour, sugar, and salt to a saucepan over medium heat. Whisk for 1 minute to combine. Add milk and whisk CONSTANTLY (lower the heat once the milk is hot) until the mixture reaches a pudding-like consistency. Then cool down the roux. Remove the mixture from the heat and transfer it to a shallow bowl.Powdered Sugar 4.0 (34) 30 Reviews 6 Photos An easy powdered sugar recipe for when you run out. Submitted by lexeo Updated on October 6, 2022 Prep Time: 5 mins Total Time: 5 mins Servings: 192 …Jan 10, 2020 · Converting granulated to powdered sugar. Shutterstock. In order to make your own powdered sugar, you will need a fairly high-powered blender or a spice grinder — do not try this in a food processor, since this appliance will not be able to grind the sugar finely enough to turn it into a powder. You should also add one tablespoon of cornstarch ... May 11, 2023 · Instructions. Add granulated sugar and cornstarch to your blender or food processor. Blend together until fine, around 4-5 minutes in total. Be sure to pause every minute or so, run your fingers through to see if it feels too gritty, and run your spatula around the sides to eliminate any clumps and granules. Instructions. Combine powdered sugar and softened butter with an electric mixer. Add vanilla and 1 tablespoon of milk. Gradually add additional milk, if needed, until you reach a smooth, easy to spread frosting. Once prepared, add food coloring, if desired, stirring the coloring in by spoon. *If too runny, add additional powdered sugar to ...Freezing: Powdered Sugar can also be frozen for long-term storage. Place the powdered sugar into an airtight bag or freezer-safe container and store it in your freezer. The freezing point will stop cornstarch from being sticky due to humidity thus preventing clumps. When you need to use frozen sugar later on; thaw at room temperature before ...3 days ago · Powdered sugar out of the box weighs 4 ½ ounces per cup. To keep it simple, if a box is 1 pound ( or 16 ounces ), it will have 3 ½ cups of powdered sugar. In order to measure correctly, check if your recipe calls for sifted or unsifted sugar. Sifted sugar takes up more space in a measuring cup compared to unsifted, 4 ounces of sifted powdered ... Grind the granulated sugar until it becomes a fine powder, stopping the blender ever 30 seconds or so to toss or stir the sugar to make sure it's evenly blended. You may need to blend at least 1/2 ...Apr 28, 2021 · Instructions. Place the sugar in a small food processor, (clean) coffee grinder or spice grinder. Grind until it forms a fine powder. Depending on the motor and blade of your appliance, this could take 1-5 minutes. If it does take longer, give it breaks to not burn out the motor. 25 Mar 2022 ... What Are the Differences Between Caster Sugar and Powdered Sugar? · Powdered sugar contains cornstarch. The cornstarch allows it to remain ...Nov 21, 2020 · Cut the vanilla bean pod in half lengthwise. Use a knife to scrape out the seeds. Place the seeds on top of the sugar. (Save the empty beans/pods!) Use a spoon or another knife to scrape the seeds off the knife—they’re sticky and clumpy. Pulse/blend/whisk until all the seeds are broken up and blended.
If you ever need powdered sugar and don't have any on hand you can make it yourself by blending regular granulated sugar in a blender for a minute or two. If you ever need powdered.... Scary drawing ideas
Preheat the oven to 325°F. Grease a Bundt pan. In the bowl of an electric mixer, cream butter and sugar together until light and fluffy. Beat in the eggs, one at a time. Add vanilla and lemon juice. Add flour …Judee’s 6X Powdered Confectioners Sugar 2.5 lb - 100% Non-GMO, Gluten-Free, and Nut-Free - 6X Size Perfect for Icings, Frostings, and Dusting Baked Goods 4.6 out of 5 stars 76 1 offer from $14.99Blend on high for 1-3 minutes. It might takes a moment to produce the snowy like powdered sugar. You might have to this in phases if your grinder starts to feel hot to the touch. You don’t want to burn out …Instructions. Place granulated sugar into your blender jar or spice grinder jar or food processor container. 1 Cup Sugar. Close with a lid, turn on the device and use it …One pound of powdered sugar is approximately 3 3/4 cups when measured unsifted. The measurement of powdered sugar can vary slightly, with 1 pound ranging between 3 1/2 cups and 4 c...Buy Premium Quality Sugar Bura/ Double Refined White Sugar Powder/ Chini boora / Sulphurless Powdered Sugar 1 Kg online. Shop from our wide range of items ...Instructions. Preheat oven to 350°F/180°C. Line 2 baking sheets with parchment paper. Set aside. In a medium bowl, sift together flour, baking soda, and salt. Set aside. In a mixer bowl fitted with the paddle attachment, beat butter, granulated sugar, and powdered sugar on medium-low speed for 4 minutes.Sep 17, 2021 · Place the sugar and cornstarch in a blender. Secure the lid. Turn the blender on and grind until a fine texture is achieved, up to 5 minutes. Scrape down the sides as needed to make sure all the sugar is ground. Store the sugar in an airtight container in a cool, dry place until ready to use. Oct 27, 2020 · Yes—and to make powdered sugar at home, all you need is regular granulated sugar. It’s as simple as dumping the amount of powdered sugar you need in a blender, turning the blender on and keeping it running until the granules are a fine powder. Boom! Instant powdered sugar. This is just another reason blenders are such an essential item to ... Dec 15, 2023 · 3-Ingredient Powdered Sugar Icing Recipe. Easy to make and adjust for consistency, this basic powdered sugar icing recipe uses just 3-ingredients to give your baked goods that little dash of sweetness for added flavor. Since this is a wet icing, this icing recipe does not dry hard, so take extra caution when packaging and transporting your treats. Powdered Sugar. 34 Ratings How to Make Sweet Treats for Kids That Use Less Sugar. Sugar Cookie Icing. 3,725 Ratings Sugar Cookie Frosting. 1,567 Ratings Low Sugar / No Sugar Strawberry Jam. 21 Ratings Hibiscus Sugar. 1 Rating Gluten-Free Sugar Cookies. 75 Ratings Cardamom Sugar. 2 Ratings13 Oct 2013 ... Add the vanilla and beat until incorporated. Add the powdered brown sugar. Mix slowly until the sugar is mostly incorporated into the butter ...In addition to offering 13 g of hemp-based protein, Navitas Organic Hemp Powder is a good source of magnesium, iron, and fiber. It also contains omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and all nine ...Step 1: Melt the butter and brown sugar in a saucepan until it begins to boil. Boil for 1 minute and 45 seconds, then remove from heat. Step 2: Stir in the peanut butter and vanilla immediately until mostly smooth. Step 3: Pour the peanut butter mixture into a large bowl with the powdered sugar.Confectioners’ sugar: Also called powdered sugar or icing sugar, confectioners’ sugar is granulated white sugar that has been blitzed to a fine white powder with a bit of cornstarch added to prevent clumping. Because of its fine consistency, confectioners’ sugar dissolves easily and is used for icings, frostings, and glazes. ....