Mike Mentzer's workout routine followed a low-volume approach considering the high intensity level. Mike likes to work in the 6-8 rep range to failure. Each workout should have roughly 3-6 working sets per body part, with 1-2 light warm-up sets at no more than 75% of the working set weight.The “x” in x-ray was used because the scientist who discovered x-rays, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, didn’t know the nature of the rays; like in a mathematical equation, they represented...By day, aspiring chemical engineer Ray Mentzler could often be found alone in a lab for the better part of the early ’70s. “Solitude studying in the chemistry library at Noyes Lab ,” he says, “hoping that some of the wisdom of the dozen U of I chemistry Nobel Prize winners would rub off.”. And by night? “Listening to REO Speedwagon ...Ray Mentzer, the lesser-known brother of the renowned bodybuilder Mike Mentzer, is a figure whose life and impact on the fitness industry deserve greater recognition. While Mike Mentzer often takes the spotlight in discussions about the Mentzer brothers, Ray's unique contributions should not be overlooked. In this article, we will delve into ...To learn more about Mike Mentzer's life, legacy and teachings, please visit: https://www.hituni.com/exercise/mike-mentzer-never-seen-before/?fbclid=IwAR2yhuw...Ray Mentzer edit #bodybuilding #goldenera #gymMike and Ray Mentzer train Boyer Coe (HIT) Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/retro_training/ Retro Blog: https://www.retro-training.de/ Für Anfragen: ...I first met Mike Mentzer at the original Gold’s Gym in around 1976, and I met his brother Ray not long afterward. I was always impressed by Mike’s intellect and his staunch belief in the high-intensity style of training. ... I was deeply saddened by the news of Mike and Ray Mentzer’s deaths. In 1994 I was 23 and fresh out of the Marine Corps.Buy Download: http://gmvbodybuilding.com/bodybuilding-videos/male-bodybuilders/digital-downloads/1985-lamps-mr-capital-city-downloadThe 5th Mr Capital City c...Feb 5, 2024 · Ray Mentzer, born into a family where the pursuit of physical excellence was a common thread, found his inspiration in his older brother Mike. Observing Mike's dedication to bodybuilding and his intellectual approach to training, Ray was naturally drawn to the sport. Jun 12, 2001 · Ray Mentzer (August 2, 1953 – June 12, 2001) was the brother of Mike Mentzer and winner of the 1979 AAU Mr. America competition. Mike won the rival IFBB Mr America in 1976. Ray also won the 1976 Junior Mr. America and the 1978 IFBB Mr. USA. He was an proponent of heavy duty training along with Mike and although retiring from competition in 1982. Authorities are still in the process of choosing between regulation and a ban. A cloud of uncertainty hangs over the legal status of cryptocurrencies in India. With draft regulatio...Ray Mentzer was born on August 2, 1953 and developed a love and passion for bodybuilding at a very young age. At only 23, he captured both the Junior Mr. America title and the IFBB Mr. America championship. In 1978, he would win the IFBB Mr. USA title and then the AAU Mr. America competition in 1979. Part of the reason for his success was he ...Buy Download: http://gmvbodybuilding.com/bodybuilding-videos/male-bodybuilders/digital-downloads/1985-lamps-mr-capital-city-downloadThe 5th Mr Capital City c...Ray G. Mentzer York - Ray Galen Mentzer, of York, went to be with his lord and savior on Saturday, February 27, 2021, at 12:00 pm at the age of 84....To learn more about Mike Mentzer's life, legacy and teachings, please visit: https://www.hituni.com/exercise/mike-mentzer-never-seen-before/?fbclid=IwAR2yhuw... Others named Ray Mentzer. Ray Mentzer Analog Design Engineer at ON Semiconductor Corvallis, OR. Ray Mentzer -- United States. Ray Mentzer Visiting Professor of Chemical Engineering at Purdue ...Sep 16, 2023 ... 113 Likes, TikTok video from Matt Kitson (@matt_kitson_): ““Fun time” for Ray Mentzer was squatting 800lbs for reps #bodybuilding #fitness ...Oct 9, 2023 · In this revealing interview, recorded in Australia in 1985, Ray Mentzer vents his spleen on the corruption within professional bodybuilding. Even more reveal... The Mentzer influence prevailed at Muscle Mill, and I soon found myself following the A/B workouts three times a week, being driven through the workouts by Ray’s training partner, Benny Podda. These were not the same workouts that Mike, Ray or Benny followed themselves, but they were the same workouts they put everyone through at …20.Kas.2017 - Ray Mentzer, młodszy brat legendarnego Mike'a Mentzera. Info: Data urodzenia: 2.10.1953 Data śmierci: 12.06.2001 Wzrost: 175 cm Udział w zawodach: 1978 Mister InternationDorian credited his (Mike Mentzer) training principles to his training style after winning Mr. Olympia his first time. “The single most important factor is intensity of effort” –Mike Mentzer 1. Mike Mentzer was focused on High Intensity, Low Volume training, capitalizing on a six to nine rep range. The three techniques Heavy Duty ...Ray Mentzer deixou a fisiculturismo competitivo no início da década de 80, no entanto, ele permaneceu ativo na promoção de musculação adequada. Ele foi procurado e viajou pelo mundo realizando seminários, escreveu para várias revistas de fisiculturismo, e possuía e operava ginásios (tanto na Califórnia quanto na Austrália). ...Ray Mentzer earned his bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1974, followed by master’s and doctoral degrees in chemical engineering from Purdue University. He enjoyed a long career with ExxonMobil, working around the world on assignments in a variety of areas including oil and gas ...Ray Mentzer, Visiting Professor & P2SAC Executive Director May 10, 2018. Attendees –May 10 Sponsors •BP •Chevron •Dow •ExxonMobil •Fauske & Associates •Honeywell •Kenexis •Lilly •Phillips 66 •Shell On-going dialog with other Depts: AAE, ABE, CHEM, IE, IPPH, ME & CV • Evonik* • Exponent*#goldenera #motivation #motivational #bodybuilding #gym Ray Mentzer Bodybuilding Motivation (Motivational Video)Ray Mentzer (August 3, 1953 – June 12, 2001) ...Mike Mentzer's Brother Ray Mentzer Explains Nautilus Machines ... ... Live. ReelsRay Mentzer was born on August 2, 1953 and developed a love and passion for bodybuilding at a very young age. At only 23, he captured both the Junior Mr. America title and the IFBB Mr. America championship. In 1978, he would win the IFBB Mr. USA title and then the AAU Mr. America competition in 1979. Part of the reason for his success was he ...Rachael Ray, the renowned celebrity chef and TV personality, never fails to impress us with her mouthwatering recipes. In her latest episode on *Today*, she shared some incredible ...The Racheal Ray Show is popular for its fun host and tasty, approachable recipes. The next time you’re planning out a menu, consider adding one of her popular dishes to your weekni...The legendary Mike Mentzer at his awesome best - a full length home posing and pumping display with closeups on all body parts. This was filmed in Mike's apartment, in West L.A. in July 1978. It was the final solo posing session Wayne shot with Mike. See Free Details & Reputation Profile for Ray Mentzer (89) in Andover, CT. Includes free contact info & photos & court records. Jun 17, 2006 · visited their mother while she was in the hospital. The Mentzer family, unfortunately, has a history of heart disease. Ray made at least one appearance at the Ephrata Rec Center, signing autographs for fans. And Mike made at least one appearance at the old Lancaster Health Spa. To say that no one loved Mike and Ray is to speak from ignorance ... This shot of Mike (kneeling) and Ray Mentzer on the beach is a classic, one that Steve had framed on his wall in his early 20s for motivation. The photo is by Wayne Gallasch of GMV Productions out of Australia ( www.gmv.com.au ). Gallasch took some incredible pics, as well as video, of Ray and older brother Mike, together and solo, in their ... Feb 11, 2024 ... Rare footage of Mike and Ray Mentzer posing during their prime. Late 70's #mikementzer #raymentzer #hit #highintensitytraining.This shot of Mike (kneeling) and Ray Mentzer on the beach is a classic, one that Steve had framed on his wall in his early 20s for motivation. The photo is by Wayne Gallasch of GMV Productions out of Australia ( www.gmv.com.au ). Gallasch took some incredible pics, as well as video, of Ray and older brother Mike, together and solo, in their ... At the time, the media said - credibly - that Ray Mentzer died of a familial kidney disease. Whether this was exacerbated by gear use was never mentioned. I met Mike Mentzer once and while perfectly mannered, he seemed rather disappointed and morose. He was largely self-educated, had become a known self-expert in HIT and was …Dec 15, 2022 ... shorts #short #youtubeshorts #raymentzer #bodybuilding #highintensitytraining.Re: Mike Mentzer, former IFBB pro bodybuilder and conspiracy theorists. Mike Mentzer, former IFBB professional bodybuilder, was found dead in his apartment on June 10, 2001, by his brother and business partner, Ray Mentzer. Two day later, his brother, Ray, died from complications Berger's Disease.Ray Mentzer (August 3, 1953 – June 12, 2001) was the 1976 Junior Mr. America, 1978 IFBB Mr. USA and was winner of the 1979 AAU Mr. America competition. Ray's brother, Mike Mentzer won the rival IFBB Mr. America in 1976 during Ray's Junior title. Ray Mentzer was born on 2 August, 1953 in Pennsylvania, United States. Ray Mentzer (August 2, 1953 June 12, 2001) was the brother of Mike Mentzer and winner of the 1979 AAU Mr. America competition. Mike won the rival IFBB Mr America in 1976. Ray also won the 1976 Junior Mr. America and the 1978 IFBB Mr. USA. He was a proponent of heavy duty training along with Mike aDec 15, 2022 ... shorts #short #youtubeshorts #raymentzer #bodybuilding #highintensitytraining.Watch a tribute to Ray and Mike Mentzer, the most legendary bodybuilding brothers of all time, who both won Mr. America and advocated HIT training. Learn about their …"Mentzer was also regularly institutionalized between 1985 up until 1990, when he finally kicked his amphetamine habit. Drug free, Mentzer returned to training bodybuilders and writing for Ironman …Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Ray Mentzer (2 de agosto, 1953 en USA - 12 de junio, 2001) era el hermano de Mike Mentzer y el ganador del Mr. América AAU 1979. Ray también ganó el Mr. América Junior 1976 y el Mr. USA IFBB 1978. Fue el culturista más fuerte de la historia del deporte y más tarde se convirtió en el propietario de clínicas de rehabilitación MedX. Junto ...The legendary Mike Mentzer at his awesome best - a full length home posing and pumping display with closeups on all body parts. This was filmed in Mike's apartment, in West L.A. in July 1978. It was the final solo posing session Wayne shot with Mike. Re: Mike Mentzer, former IFBB pro bodybuilder and conspiracy theorists. Mike Mentzer, former IFBB professional bodybuilder, was found dead in his apartment on June 10, 2001, by his brother and business partner, Ray Mentzer. Two day later, his brother, Ray, died from complications Berger's Disease.Ray Mentzer (August 3, 1953 – June 12, 2001) was the 1976 Junior Mr. America, 1978 IFBB Mr. USA and was winner of the 1979 AAU Mr. America competition.View Ray Mentzer’s profile on LinkedIn, the world’s largest professional community. Ray has 1 job listed on their profile. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Ray’s connections ...Authorities are still in the process of choosing between regulation and a ban. A cloud of uncertainty hangs over the legal status of cryptocurrencies in India. With draft regulatio...Jun 12, 2012 · Mike Mentzer (November 15, 1951 – June 10, 2001), Ray Mentzer (August 2, 1953 – June 12, 2001). Remembered for their contributions to bodybuilding and their influence on how people train forever. Of all the champions I’ve known and trained with I probably get the most questions about Mike Mentzer and his brother Ray. For 21" arm lovers and those who appreciate the magic and charisma of MIKE MENTZER at his peak, this whole DVD is a must. The Mike Mentzer at home segment is ...Ray Mentzer. Ray Mentzer was born in 1953 and was the younger of the two brothers. He was also an avid bodybuilder from a young age and was determined to follow in his brother's footsteps. He was a member of the York Barbell Club and was also known as a follower of the unique high intensity approach to bodybuilding. Mr. America Winners Ray Mentzer Memorial. (August 2, 1953 - June 12, 2001) Thank you for joining me as I honor the life and legacy of Ray Mentzer. All who had the privilege of knowing Ray cherish their memories of him, and hold high respect for his many accomplishments, and all that he stood for as a man of character. Ray had his own …A similar result occurred when Arthur Jones put Ray on an eight-exercise, one-set-to-failure (drop sets being considered one set) exercise program in 1983. If any nontheoretical, real-life example will serve to prove the efficacy of indirect effect. Ray Mentzer's experience is it. You can make it work for you. Ray was born in Waynesboro, PA on June 3, 1936, and was the son of the late George and Emma Belle (Strosnider) Mentzer. Ray Was the principal of Centerville Elementary School. He also had a 22 ...Blu-Ray players and cable DVR set-top boxes connect to your home theater system in a similar fashion. Use the high definition inputs on your TV to hook up the devices for the best ...Ray Mentzer is known for 1980 American Bodybuilding Championship (1980). See also. Other Works | Publicity Listings | Official Sites. View agent, publicist, legal and company contact details on IMDbPro . Getting Started | Contributor Zone ...Sep 29, 2022 · Ray was taller than Mike, had cleaner vascularity, seemed to have the capacity for less subcutaneous fat, and had more olive colored, less stretchmark prone skin but Mike Mentzer looked a lot more naturally mesomorphic. Mike had clubs for forearms, a wider chest, a narrower waist, less boxy thighs, more of a flow to the quads, more of a flow to ... #shorts #mikementzer #bodybuilding Mike Mentzer & his brother Ray mentzer battle PosingAre you tired of cooking the same old meals week after week? Looking to spice up your dinner routine? Look no further than Rachael Ray’s delicious and flavorful recipes. With her c...The principles behind Mike Mentzer's high-intensity workout system. It was going to be a revolution. For the year between the 1979 and 1980 Mr. Olympias, as high-intensity training rode the crest of its foremost adherent, Mike Mentzer, it seemed on the verge of transforming bodybuilding. Mentzer adopted the HIT philosophy of Arthur Jones and ... Mike Mentzer's Brother Ray Mentzer Explains Nautilus Machines ... ... Live. ReelsRay was predeceased by his beloved wife, Ann Hogan Metzger; his son, Raymond Metzger; and his brother, Joseph F. Metzger. Uncle Ray was a 1950 graduate of Catholic Central High School. He was a ...Mentzer took amphetamines to help him focus and, despite his declining health, continued to smoke heavily. On June 12, 2001, Ray Mentzer discovered the lifeless body of his 49 …Others named Ray Mentzer. Ray Mentzer Analog Design Engineer at ON Semiconductor Corvallis, OR. Ray Mentzer -- United States. Ray Mentzer Visiting Professor of Chemical Engineering at Purdue ...Rachael Ray, the renowned celebrity chef and TV personality, never fails to impress us with her mouthwatering recipes. In her latest episode on *Today*, she shared some incredible ...The Mentzer brother weren't gay. Ray infact left a daughter behind. Pez D Spencer 2006-07-03 16:17:16 UTC. Permalink. he wasn't gay. his jizz-splattered portrait of ayn rand was auctioned off on ebay a few years back. Curt James 2006-07-03 19:51:16 UTC. Permalink. Post by Pez D SpencerThe HIT Experiment, Part I. In case you’re wondering what “HIT” stands for, it means High Intensity Training, popularized by the late Arthur Jones. Men who made this training popular were Mike and Ray Mentzer, Casey Viator and Dorian Yates. Above, Mike and Ray Mentzer. These were two of the most rugged and densely built bodybuilders of ... Mentzer took amphetamines to help him focus and, despite his declining health, continued to smoke heavily. On June 12, 2001, Ray Mentzer discovered the lifeless body of his 49 …Mike & Ray Mentzer Bodybuilding Tod kam zweimal .Mike und Ray Mentzer lebten, um zu trainieren und trainierten, um zu leben. Dann starben sie, im Abstand ...The HIT Experiment, Part I. In case you’re wondering what “HIT” stands for, it means High Intensity Training, popularized by the late Arthur Jones. Men who made this training popular were Mike and Ray Mentzer, Casey Viator and Dorian Yates. Above, Mike and Ray Mentzer. These were two of the most rugged and densely built bodybuilders of ... The home entertainment experience has improved drastically over the years. Bigger televisions and more viewing options have revolutionized the way we screen movies and shows — so m...Ray Mentzer (August 3, 1953 – June 12, 2001) born in Philadelphia was the 1976 Junior Mr. America, 1978 IFBB Mr. USA and was winner of the 1979 Mr. America competition. [2] Ray's brother, Mike Mentzer won the rival IFBB Mr. America in 1976 during Ray's Junior title. Ray Mentzer Gallery Ray Mentzer. The Mentzer Brothers: A Chronicle of Triumph, Suffering, and Unwavering Resolve. In the realm of bodybuilding, the saga of the Mentzer brothers, Mike and Ray, is a narrative that transcends the ordinary. Their odyssey, marked by remarkable feats and unwavering dedication to the sport, delves into the very ...When it comes to sunglasses, Ray-Ban is a brand that has been around for decades and has become synonymous with quality and style. Ray-Ban was founded in 1937 by Bausch & Lomb as a...20.Kas.2017 - Ray Mentzer, młodszy brat legendarnego Mike'a Mentzera. Info: Data urodzenia: 2.10.1953 Data śmierci: 12.06.2001 Wzrost: 175 cm Udział w zawodach: 1978 Mister InternationMay 25, 2016 · The inexorable passage of time bore witness to Ray Mentzer’s life being abruptly extinguished at the tender age of 47. Kidney failure, an affliction stemming from the rare and elusive Berger’s disease, cast a pall of sorrow over the bodybuilding world. The heartbreak was further compounded by the cruel twist of fate, as Ray’s own brother ... Nov 5, 2017 ... The two brothers dying within 48 hours of each other shocked the bodybuilding world. Mike was 49 and Ray was 47. It seemed the curtain had come ...Jun 17, 2006 · visited their mother while she was in the hospital. The Mentzer family, unfortunately, has a history of heart disease. Ray made at least one appearance at the Ephrata Rec Center, signing autographs for fans. And Mike made at least one appearance at the old Lancaster Health Spa. To say that no one loved Mike and Ray is to speak from ignorance ... Are you a fan of Rachael Ray and her mouthwatering recipes? If so, you’re in for a treat. In today’s episode, Rachael Ray shared some incredible recipes that are not only quick and...Jun 11, 2001 · Mike and Ray Mentzer Dead. Monday morning, June 11, 2001, an e-mail was sent to us saying that Mike Mentzer has passed away June 9th. Ray, his brother, who is also suffering from illnesses, found him. To compound the loss of Mike, on June 11th, at approximately 9:00 PM, Ray died in his sleep. Ray suffered from kidney failure caused by Berger's ... Mike Mentzer (November 15, 1951 – June 10, 2001) was an American IFBB professional bodybuilder, businessman and author.. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Mentzer started bodybuilding when he was 11 years old.He won several amateur bodybuilding competitions before turning professional in 1979, including the 1976 Mr. America title and the …Other Ray Mentzer's; Court Records Found! Check Background. Court records found on Ray's Background; Court records found on Ray's Family, Friends, Neighbors, or Classmates Check Background. Trusted Connections, Since 2002. Ray Mentzer, 48. Monongahela, PA. View Address. Raymond J Mentzer, Ray Anne Mentzer. 3 Visits ...Apr 9, 2017 · Ray and Mike Mentzer were probably the most legendary bodybuilding brothers of all time. BOTH were winners of the coveted Mr. America title. And both were huge advocates of the HIT training... Mike Mentzer helps brother Ray go beyond failure on machine shoulder presses. The other key component of HIT is the low workout volume. “The secret, if there is one, is high intensity. And when you actually train with high-intensity, you don’t need a lot of volume,” Arthur Jones said. In 1979, Mentzer prescribed only 3-6 working sets per ...Ray Manzarek. Raymond Daniel Manzarek Jr. ( né Manczarek; February 12, 1939 – May 20, 2013) was an American keyboardist. He is best known as a member of the rock band the Doors, co-founding the group in 1965 with fellow UCLA Film School student Jim Morrison. Manzarek is credited for his innovative playing and abilities on organ -style ...Mar 6, 2021 ... Ray G. Mentzer York - Ray Galen Mentzer, of York, went to be with his lord and savior on Saturday, February 27, 2021, at 12:00 pm at the age ...
Ray Mentzer edit #bodybuilding #goldenera #gym. Happy birthday stevie wonder
Ray Mentzer earned his bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1974, followed by master’s and doctoral degrees in chemical engineering from Purdue University. He enjoyed a long career with ExxonMobil, working around the world on assignments in a variety of areas including oil and gas ...Apr 23, 2023 ... 3.4K Likes, TikTok video from кєν (@anabolickev): “Let's get with it | Mike & Ray Mentzer🕊️ #bodybuilding #mikementzer #mentzerbrothers ...Apr 23, 2023 ... 3.4K Likes, TikTok video from кєν (@anabolickev): “Let's get with it | Mike & Ray Mentzer🕊️ #bodybuilding #mikementzer #mentzerbrothers ...I first met Mike Mentzer at the original Gold’s Gym in around 1976, and I met his brother Ray not long afterward. I was always impressed by Mike’s intellect and his staunch belief in the high-intensity style of training. ... I was deeply saddened by the news of Mike and Ray Mentzer’s deaths. In 1994 I was 23 and fresh out of the Marine Corps.Are you tired of cooking the same old meals week after week? Looking to spice up your dinner routine? Look no further than Rachael Ray’s delicious and flavorful recipes. With her c...Jun 12, 2001 · Ray Mentzer (August 2, 1953 – June 12, 2001) was the brother of Mike Mentzer and winner of the 1979 AAU Mr. America competition. Mike won the rival IFBB Mr America in 1976. Ray also won the 1976 Junior Mr. America and the 1978 IFBB Mr. USA. He was an proponent of heavy duty training along with Mike and although retiring from competition in 1982. Ray is 85 years of age and may be related to Barbara Mentzer and Ray Mentzer. Run a full report on this result to get more details on Ray. Another possible match for Ray Mentzer is 87 years old and resides on Green Valley Rd in York, Pennsylvania. Ray may also have previously lived on W Main St # 1 in York, Pennsylvania and is associated to ...Others named Ray Mentzer. Ray Mentzer Analog Design Engineer at ON Semiconductor Corvallis, OR. Ray Mentzer -- United States. Ray Mentzer Visiting Professor of Chemical Engineering at Purdue ...Carrier said Michael John Mentzer, 49, a champion bodybuilder whose competitive career ended when he lost the Mr. Olympia title to Arnold Schwarzenegger in 1980, died Sunday morning. Mentzer’s ...Mike Mentzer helps brother Ray go beyond failure on machine shoulder presses. The other key component of HIT is the low workout volume. “The secret, if there is one, is high intensity. And when you actually train with high-intensity, you don’t need a lot of volume,” Arthur Jones said. In 1979, Mentzer prescribed only 3-6 working sets per ...Mike passed away with a heart attack when ray found him dead is his apartment. Ray died a couple days later fighting his kidney disease which he was already seeing doctors for. RUMORS: Mike was a meth and alcohol abuser coupled with his heavy steroid abuse. Ray was abusing pain killers in his finals days. Some say after seeing he his brother he ...To learn more about Mike Mentzer's life, legacy and teachings, please visit: https://www.hituni.com/exercise/mike-mentzer-never-seen-before/?fbclid=IwAR2yhuw... visited their mother while she was in the hospital. The Mentzer family, unfortunately, has a history of heart disease. Ray made at least one appearance at the Ephrata Rec Center, signing autographs for fans. And Mike made at least one appearance at the old Lancaster Health Spa. To say that no one loved Mike and Ray is to speak from …Ray Mentzer (August 3, 1953 – June 12, 2001) born in Philadelphia was the 1976 Junior Mr. America, 1978 IFBB Mr. USA and was winner of the 1979 Mr. America competition. [2] Ray's brother, Mike Mentzer won the rival IFBB Mr. America in 1976 during Ray's Junior title. Ray Mentzer oils, pumps and poses in a fantastic solo presentation, for the final 15 minutes of the video. As mentioned above, this original video V-121 was shot on silent super 8 film back in July 1978 while Mike and Ray were working out in the gym. It was not just a staged pump-up. At that time no one deemed them worthy of a full professional ...View Ray Mentzer’s profile on LinkedIn, the world’s largest professional community. Ray has 1 job listed on their profile. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Ray’s connections ....