Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. The northernmost prefectural capital in Japan, Sapporo requires a bit more effort to reach. Yet, it is the country’s fifth biggest city by population, which has significantly grown only in the past decades. ... The map displays the price based on distance. Sometimes, the map is in Japanese characters only, which is why Hyperdia is useful. If ...ViaMichelin offers free online accommodation booking in Sapporo. In partnership with Booking, we offer a wide range of accommodation ( hotels, gîtes, B&Bs, campsites, apartments) in the location of your choice. You can also view and book hotels selected from the MICHELIN guide. The MICHELIN Sapporo map: Sapporo town map, road map and tourist ... The actual dimensions of the Sapporo map are 1530 X 1013 pixels, file size (in bytes) - 315368. You can open, download and print this detailed map of Sapporo by clicking on …About the JR Pass Map. Welcome to the interactive JR Map, the map covers the entire JR railway network of Japan, from the high-speed Shinkansen to local lines. The map has been carefully designed to work with the Japan Rail Pass and is a powerful tool to build itineraries, explore and plan travel in Japan. 33 Sights in Sapporo, Japan (with Map and Images) Premium Sights Book tickets, guided tours and activities in Sapporo. Tickets and guided tours on Viator * Guided Free …Coordinates: 43°4′N 141°21′E. ← Sasaram, India, Map. Santa Rosa Road Conditions on Map Live →. 348. No comments yet. Be the first to add a comment! Sapporo, Japan, get the latest road conditions on the traffic map. Get traffic updates right now.Download the PDF below: Sapporo Guide Map (7MB) Brief Introduction to Sapporo. Access. Sapporo Sightseeing Map. Currency and Money Exchange. Tourist Information Centers. Wi-Fi service. Emergency Inquiries. Promo Video. Jun 20, 2017 · You find there are various kinds of maps issued in Japan, and we here introduce our recommendation of English edition map of Sapporo, URL of Railroad Map, and convenient Apps. Hokkaido Map. Map describing whole areas of Hokkaido. Sapporo Sightseeing Map. Map of Sapporo with sightseeing information. Sapporo Subway route map Sapporo Beer Museum. Photo: Courtesy of Sapporo Travel. “The Sapporo Beer Museum (9 Chome 1-1 Kita 7 Johigash) and Asahi Brewery (4 Minami 1-1 Nangodori) are located near the city center ...By bus, it takes about 75 minutes to the center of Sapporo. By train, take the JR Tohoku/Hokkaido Shinkansen from Tokyo to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto (4 hours). Then transfer to the Hokuto limited express, which gets you to Sapporo in 3.5 hours. The Japan Rail Pass and JR East South Hokkaido Rail Pass both cover the trip.Dec 11, 2013 · JR Sapporo Station. The exterior of the south entrance of the station. Serving the largest city in Hokkaido, the JR Sapporo complex is massive. It is joined together with the Sapporo Subway lines as well. Three subway lines run in Sapporo: Namboku Subway line, Tozai Subway line, and Toho line. The Sapporo train station is a shopaholic’s heaven. Download the map of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan 29093982 royalty-free Vector from Vecteezy for your project and explore over a million other vectors, ...Sep 28, 2015 ... We made SAPPORO MAP FOR MUSLIM.NEWS. Sapporo and Shakotan Visit Campaign (The campaign duration has been extended until October 31th, 2023!) 2023.09.06. NEWS. 「National Highway 230」Guide. 2023.06.15. NEWS. The Gem of the North ～Sapporo Media Library. 2021.07.28. Jack Perry looks to have a new moniker. A new promo for Perry aired during the broadcast for New Japan Pro-Wrestling’s New Beginning In Sapporo on Saturday. The …Route: Sapporo Clock Tower → Nijo Market → TV Tower → Odori Park → Ganso Sapporo Ramen Yokocho (Ramen Alley) MAP; ... Hollow rolls of surimi fish paste (chikuwa) are filled with tuna and grilled inside the store’s unique Japanese-style bread. Chikuwa-pan is filling enough to be a meal in itself, making it a great way to refuel on your ...The Japan Rail Pass gives you unlimited access to all Shinkansen high-speed trains. A supplement is required for travel on the Nozomi and Mizuho express trains on the Tokaido, Sanyo and Kyushu Shinkansen lines. The Hikari, Kodama, and Sakura bullet trains are the fastest trains you can board using the Japan Rail Pass without a supplement.Ride, dine, and shop. Sapporo Station is connected to an eight-story duty-free department store on its west side called Daimaru. With both casual and luxury brand items, it's a popular place to shop. Directly above the terminal is Stellar Place, a seven-story department store with a cinema, restaurants that include a special ramen section, and ...To get there from Sapporo, you’ll need to make a 3,5-hour journey first. The shinkansen from Hakodate to Tokyo (or the other way around) takes approximately 4 hours. Japan Rail Pass can be used for the Hakodate – Tokyo route. If you are looking to travel only to a couple of towns near Sapporo, the Rail Pass may not be the cheapest option. One of the planet's greatest snow spectacles. Using one of Sapporo's most abundant natural resources and their imaginations, a few students fashioned several snow sculptures in Odori Park way back in 1950. Fast-forward to today, and the Sapporo Snow Festival is a wintertime extravaganza that draws millions every year.All streets and buildings location of Sapporo on the live satellite photo map. Asia online Sapporo map. 🌏 map of Sapporo (Japan / Hokkaido), satellite view. Real streets and buildings location with labels, ruler, places sharing, …Mark Wuebbels began his assignment at the U.S. Consulate General Sapporo in August 2022. Complete Biography Matthew Cenzer. Principal Officer – Nagoya ... Chuo-ku, Sapporo 064-0821, Japan Phone: 011-641-1115. Fax: 011-643-1283. Follow The Consulate: Close. U.S. Consulate in Fukuoka ...From here, JR Chitose Line trains run direct to Sapporo Station. Sapporo Station, meanwhile, is centrally located, and you can easily pick up the subway, buses, or taxis for onward travel. Trains depart approximately every 15 minutes from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. After 8 a.m., all trains on the Chitose Line are Rapid Airport or Special Airport Rapid ...Sapporo (札幌) is the prefectural capital of Hokkaido, Japan’s northernmost island. As a popular winter resort destination, Japan’s fifth-largest city also offers a wealth of culture, art, and natural beauty, alongside its ski …Sapporo Kokusai Piste Map / Trail Map · Resorts · Japan - Hokkaido(80) · Sapporo Kokusai(Lat Long: 43.07° N 141.08° E) ...Aurora Town: Odori Nishi 1-chome〜3-chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo Pole Town: Minami 1-jo Nishi 3-chome〜Minami 4-jo Nishi 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo Open 10:00 - 20:00 Opening hours vary by shop Closed January 1; Closed occasionally Parking Not available Telephone Aurora Town 011-221-3639 Pole Town 011-221-6657 Website …Map of Tourist Attractions in Sapporo. Sapporo, Japan - Climate Chart. 1. Odori Park. Odori Park. Highlights: Art sculptures, fountains, gardens, and easy access …Sapporo Japan Sapporo, the capital of Hokkaido, is one of Japan’s youngest cities. The population has grown from only 7 people in 1857 to now being the 5th largest Japanese city with a population of almost 2 million. As Sapporo is a new city it doesn’t have the traditional Japanese architecture found in many other Japanese cities, however ...About the JR Pass Map. Welcome to the interactive JR Map, the map covers the entire JR railway network of Japan, from the high-speed Shinkansen to local lines. The map has been carefully designed to work with the Japan Rail Pass and is a powerful tool to build itineraries, explore and plan travel in Japan.Oct 16, 2023 · The Facts: Region: Hokkaido. Prefecture: Hokkaido (Ishikari Subprefecture). Population: ~ 2,000,000. Last Updated: October 16, 2023 Tasty, rich noodles that will warm you in the cold. 6. Nemuro Hanamaru JR Tower Stellar Place. 1,432 reviews Closed Now. Japanese, Seafood $$ - $$$. Hanamaru sushi restaurant is one famous restaurant for having sushi in Sapporo... Good food, but, long waiting. 7. Kurobuta Tonkatsu Kuromatsu Sapporo Akarenga Terrace.The Sapporo Snow Festival (さっぽろ雪まつり, Sapporo Yuki Matsuri) is held during one week every February in Hokkaido 's capital Sapporo. It is one of Japan's most popular winter events. The Sapporo Snow Festival was started in 1950, when high school students built a few snow statues in Odori Park. It has since developed into a large ... Sapporo Sightseeing Map This “Sightseeing Map” contains interesting sites and tourist information. Download the PDF below: Sapporo Guide Map (7MB) Tourist Attractions Cuisine Events Accommodation Helpful Advice Shopping Chuo-ku KEYWORD #Sapporo Lilac Festival #lunch #Izakaya #Hot Spring #Cafe #Conveyor belt sushi #sauna #Cherry Blossoms #Soup Curry Ride, dine, and shop. Sapporo Station is connected to an eight-story duty-free department store on its west side called Daimaru. With both casual and luxury brand items, it's a popular place to shop. Directly above the terminal is Stellar Place, a seven-story department store with a cinema, restaurants that include a special ramen section, and ...3) Fu’s Snow Area. Photo Credit: Sapporo Health & Sports Foundation. Fu’s Snow Area Ski Resort in Sapporo is a reliable choice for good snow. This sports facility is found in the Fujino District. It covers 330,000 square meters and has six ski runs. There are family, expert, and mogul courses available.Aug 17, 2021 ... Sapporo (札幌, "important river flowing through a plain" in Ainu language) is the capital of Hokkaido and Japan's fifth largest city.Jun 22, 2020 · Sapporo Station is the very center of sightseeing in Sapporo, located a quick 37 minutes from New Chitose Airport via express. Because of its ease of access via the JR rail lines, subways, and buses, the convenience of transportation between major sightseeing spots, and its abundance of souvenir shops, restaurants, and other commercial facilities, the Sapporo Station area itself has also ... See on a map. ibis Styles Sapporo. Nishi 3chome 10 10, Minami 8jo Chuo ku, Hokkaido 0640808 SAPPORO Japan. GPS: 43.050211, 141.355046. Telephone +81 11-530-4055 . Fax +81 11-530-4054. Contact email [email protected]. Click to copy the email address. Access and transport. Access & Transport (1)The actual dimensions of the Sapporo map are 1530 X 1013 pixels, file size (in bytes) - 315368. You can open, download and print this detailed map of Sapporo by clicking on …Jul 20, 2023 · We’ve made the ultimate tourist map of. Sapporo, Japan for travelers! Check out Sapporo’s top things to do, attractions, restaurants, and major transportation hubs all in one interactive map. How to use the map. Use this interactive map to plan your trip before and while in. Sapporo. Learn about each place by clicking it on the map or read ... The Japan Rail Pass gives you unlimited access to all Shinkansen high-speed trains. A supplement is required for travel on the Nozomi and Mizuho express trains on the Tokaido, Sanyo and Kyushu Shinkansen lines. The Hikari, Kodama, and Sakura bullet trains are the fastest trains you can board using the Japan Rail Pass without a supplement.Dec 24, 2023 · Map of Tourist Attractions in Sapporo. Sapporo, Japan - Climate Chart. 1. Odori Park. Odori Park. Highlights: Art sculptures, fountains, gardens, and easy access to Sapporo's many museums and galleries. Odori Park (Ōdōri Kōen) is an oasis of green in Sapporo's downtown core that slices through the city. This map was created by a user. Learn how to create your own. See a street map of Sapporo and the rest of Hokkaido, northern Japan including Sapporo's many attractions including the Old...Route Maps Subway Route Map Subway Route Map(PDF:521KB) Streetcar Route Map. Streetcar Route Map(PDF:737KB) ... Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8611,Japan Phone: 011 …・Ueda Castle Park (Nagano): Built in 1583, Ueda Castle is renowned for its surrounding area, adorned with over 1,000 cherry trees that create a breathtaking spectacle each spring. ・Matsumoto Castle (Nagano): As Japan's oldest five-tiered, six-story castle, Matsumoto Castle is celebrated for its springtime cherry blossoms. The evening …2024.01.19 The operating dates of sightseeing trains (January to June) 2023.12.15 Notice on train timetable changes in March 2024. 2023.12.01 JR Hokkaido Special Offer for Rail Pass (Updated on December 1, 2023) 2023.11.22 Recommended Tourist Spots in Winter for Sapporo-Furano Area Pass Furano and Biei - winter trip video (Updated on January 26 ...Sapporo location on the Japan Map Click to see large. Description: This map shows where Sapporo is located on the Japan Map. ... Maps of Japan. Japan maps; Cities of Japan. Tokyo; Osaka; Kyoto; Hiroshima; Sapporo; Fukuoka; Nagoya; Yokohama; Kobe; Europe Map; Asia Map; Africa Map; North America Map;Sapporo (Hokkaidō , Japan) ... charts, map, location, weather and web information. Home → Asia → Japan → Hokkaidō . Sapporo Contents: City (-shi ... Sapporo Contents: City (-shi) The population development of Sapporo as well as related information and services (weather, Wikipedia, Google, images). Name Native Population …Take one of the frequent JR trains between Sapporo and Teine stations (10-15 minutes, 340 yen one way). At Teine Station change to a JR bus (number 70) bound for Teine Highland and get off at the ski resort (15 minutes, 380 yen one way to the Olympia Zone or 30 minutes, 400 yen to the Highland Zone). Buses depart from the station's south exit ...View the latest weather forecasts, maps, news and alerts on Yahoo Weather. Find local weather forecasts for Sapporo-shi, Japan throughout the worldOdori Park. Pleasant public park in the city center. Odori Park (大通公園, Ōdōri Kōen) is the broad median of Odori ("large street") in the center of Sapporo, separating the city into north and south. The park stretches about a kilometer and a half over twelve city blocks and offers pleasant green space during the warmer months. The actual dimensions of the Sapporo map are 1530 X 1013 pixels, file size (in bytes) - 315368. You can open, download and print this detailed map of Sapporo by clicking on …Sapporo City Maruyama Zoo. Sapporo Satoland. Moerenuma Park. Hokkaido Shrine. Indulge In Local Hokkaido Cuisine. Tour The Ishiya Chocolate Factory. Hokkaido University Botanical Garden. Attend The Sapporo Snow Festival. Tell Us Your Thoughts on What to Do in Sapporo.日本語で見る English Maps of Sapporo Post date: Tuesday, June 20, 2017 When an expat comes to Japan and starts a long-term stay in Sapporo, he or she may decide where to live after grasping the …Sapporo Map | Japan | Detailed Maps of Sapporo Sapporo Maps Sapporo Location Map Online Map of Sapporo Sapporo tourist map 2306x3247px / 3.22 Mb Go to Map Sapporo subway map 1127x1099px …The actual dimensions of the Sapporo map are 1530 X 1013 pixels, file size (in bytes) - 315368. You can open, download and print this detailed map of Sapporo by clicking on …Susukino. One of Japan’s most famous entertainment districts, Susukino is teeming with noodle restaurants, clubs, shops and pachinko parlors. Pachinko is a cross between pinball and slot machines. Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus. Read more. Hokkaido Jingu.YouTube has become a global phenomenon, connecting people from all corners of the world through its diverse range of content. One country that has made a significant impact on the ...Sapporo (札幌市, Sapporo-shi) listen is the fourth-largest city in Japan by population, and the largest city on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido.Sapporo Grand Hotel features a shopping arcade, a gym and a spa center, a 5-minute walk from JR Sapporo Station via a connecting tunnel. ... Japan – Great location - show map – Subway Access After booking, all of the property’s details, including telephone and address, are provided in your booking confirmation and your account. 8.2. Very ...One of the top Sapporo sightseeing activities is the Sapporo TV Tower. Much like Tokyo Tower, Sapporo’s 147-meter tall fuplaces to visit in Japan1nctional Eiffel Tower look-alike is a communications tower first and foremost. But it’s actually older than its capital cousin – predating it by two years – with construction starting in 1956.Historia. Namnet Sapporo kommer från ursprungsbefolkningens ainu, möjligen från sat-poro, med betydelsen "uttorkad och stor".De kanji som används är ateji, tecken valda för att konstruera ett uttal.. Sapporo är en relativt ny stad. Den grundades 1869 då den japanska regeringen efter Meijirestaurationen beslutade att utveckla Hokkaido, som tidigare varit …By bus, it takes about 75 minutes to the center of Sapporo. By train, take the JR Tohoku/Hokkaido Shinkansen from Tokyo to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto (4 hours). Then transfer to the Hokuto limited express, which gets you to Sapporo in 3.5 hours. The Japan Rail Pass and JR East South Hokkaido Rail Pass both cover the trip.Japan Route Finder & Calculator. Find the best route including bullet train, bus, airline, and taxi. Compatible with your railway pass. Plan your trip by calculating the train cost and distance. Check the train schedule. View the route on a map. Know which station to transfer, which exit to go out.Dec 24, 2023 · Map of Tourist Attractions in Sapporo. Sapporo, Japan - Climate Chart. 1. Odori Park. Odori Park. Highlights: Art sculptures, fountains, gardens, and easy access to Sapporo's many museums and galleries. Odori Park (Ōdōri Kōen) is an oasis of green in Sapporo's downtown core that slices through the city. Arrive in Japan with a game plan. Discover the many events and festivals, temples and castles, theme parks and hot springs, beaches and outdoor activities that Japan has to offer. Whether you're passionate about sports, an art lover, a nature enthusiast, a history buff, a foodie, or just looking to relax on a beach, the possibilities for your ...Mapping the Human Genome - Mapping the human genome is explained in this section. Learn about mapping the human genome. Advertisement If you think of the human body as big, complic...Sapporo Map - Central Circuit, Hokkaido, Japan East Asia Japan Hokkaido Central Circuit Sapporo Sapporo is the capital and largest city of the northern island of Hokkaido. One …Sapporo Station is the main train station for Hokkaido’s capital city. It is a central travel hub for many travelers to Hokkaido, thanks to being 40-minutes by train from Hokkaido’s main airport at New Chitose. By 2031, the Hokkaido Shinkansen line will be extended from its current Hakodate terminus, making train travel from Tokyo possible (information as of …One of the top Sapporo sightseeing activities is the Sapporo TV Tower. Much like Tokyo Tower, Sapporo’s 147-meter tall fuplaces to visit in Japan1nctional Eiffel Tower look-alike is a communications tower first and foremost. But it’s actually older than its capital cousin – predating it by two years – with construction starting in 1956.Everything we know about Japan’s new six-month digital nomad visa. Feb 16, 2024 • 4 min read. Digital nomads rejoice! Japan's new six-month visa means you could soon be working from Tokyo. Our Japan expert John Walton has the latest details.Weather forecasts and LIVE satellite images of Sapporo, Japan. View rain radar and maps of forecast precipitation, wind speed, temperature and more. ... Sapporo, Japan. Settings. About. Share. Measure Distance. Measure Area. Weather Maps. Map Overlays. Share. Copy link Copied! Email Gmail WhatsApp Telegram Facebook ...As of 2009, most people in Japan live in Tokyo, a city that has a population of 36.507 million, according to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook. The estimated popu...Jun 5, 2023 ... Considering the vast nature of our campus, it is very possible to get lost or even miss places of interest inside the Sapporo Campus of Hokkaido ...Again, JR Sapporo Station is relatively easy to navigate, thanks to Sapporo’s layout on a grid. The general rule of thumb is: Destinations are North-South, sights and shopping are East-West. Arrive at JR Sapporo Station, drop your bags, and explore Sapporo’s above- and below-ground world. Yes, you might temporarily get lost.Coordinates: 43°4′N 141°21′E. ← Sasaram, India, Map. Santa Rosa Road Conditions on Map Live →. 348. No comments yet. Be the first to add a comment! Sapporo, Japan, get the latest road conditions on the traffic map. Get traffic updates right now.Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan Weather Forecast, with current conditions, wind, air quality, and what to expect for the next 3 days. Visualization and sharing of free topographic maps. Sapporo, Ishikari Subprefecture, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan.Subway route map *In addition to cash, SAPICA, Kitaca, Suica, etc. can be used to purchase tickets. TOP. Railway (JR) From JR Sapporo Station as the starting point, you may ride on trains bound for Teine and Atsubetsu (Hakodate Main Line), Shin-Sapporo (Chitose Line), and Ainosato (Gakuen-Toshi Line). Take the route that goes with your travel plan! Sapporo's vibrant entertainment district. With its bright, bold signage lighting up the streets, Susukino is the largest entertainment district north of Japan. Home to a plethora of bars, clubs, karaoke boxes, and entertainment, locals and tourists alike flock here for a night on the town. In February, it plays host to the ice-carving ...This Yuki Matsuri, organized since 1950, is a major event, and the Japanese flock from all over the country.This is, of course, the privileged period if you plan to go to Sapporo. And to experience the hot springs in winter, the body immersed in an open-air onsen while the snow falls around you, the stations of Jozankei, Noboribetsu, or that of …
Mark Wuebbels began his assignment at the U.S. Consulate General Sapporo in August 2022. Complete Biography Matthew Cenzer. Principal Officer – Nagoya ... Chuo-ku, Sapporo 064-0821, Japan Phone: 011-641-1115. Fax: 011-643-1283. Follow The Consulate: Close. U.S. Consulate in Fukuoka .... How to add apple calendar to google calendar
Nakajima Park, Sapporo. Located in Sapporo, 2.7 km from Sapporo Station and 12 km from Shin-Sapporo Station, AMS TOWER 806 provides air-conditioned accommodation with a terrace and free WiFi. With city views, this accommodation offers a balcony. Otarushi Zenibako City Center is 21 km from the apartment and Otaru Station is …One of Japan’s most famous entertainment districts, Susukino is teeming with noodle restaurants, clubs, shops and pachinko parlors. Pachinko is a cross between pinball and slot machines. See full details. See ways to experience (10) 4. Hokkaido University Sapporo Campus. 1,761.Japan's Largest Cities Map. With interactive Sapporo Map, view regional highways maps, road situations, transportation, lodging guide, geographical map, physical maps and …New Chitose Airport (新千歳空港, Shin-Chitose Kūkō) (IATA: CTS, ICAO: RJCC) is an international airport located 2.7 nautical miles (5.0 km; 3.1 mi) south-southeast of Chitose and Tomakomai, Hokkaidō, Japan, serving the Sapporo metropolitan area. By both traffic and land area, it is the largest airport in Hokkaidō. It is adjacent to Chitose Air Base, a …It can also be a real-time-saver. Drive from Sapporo to Otaru via the Sapporo Shindo to exit Otaru IC. It’ll take just over one hour. By bus: Similar to rental cars, the bus takes just over one hour and offers a lot of freedom and is cheaper than renting a car. The one-way bus ride to Otaru is 680 yen.This page shows the location of Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan on a detailed satellite map. Choose from several map styles. From street and road map to high-resolution satellite imagery of Sapporo. Get free map for your website. Discover the beauty hidden in the maps. Maphill is more than just a map gallery.Sapporo Kokusai Piste Map / Trail Map · Resorts · Japan - Hokkaido(80) · Sapporo Kokusai(Lat Long: 43.07° N 141.08° E) ...Oct 16, 2023 · The Facts: Capital: Tokyo. Area: 145,937 sq mi (377,975 sq km). Population: ~ 126,500,000. Largest cities: Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kawasaki ... Find the best attractions, hotels, restaurants, and top things to do with our map of Japan. Search and explore the Japan map by city, prefecture, and region. Welcome to the Sapporo google satellite map! This place is situated in Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan, its geographical coordinates are 43° 3' 17" North, 141° 21' 14" East and its original name (with diacritics) is Sapporo. See Sapporo photos and images from satellite below, explore the aerial photographs of Sapporo in Japan.Tasty, rich noodles that will warm you in the cold. 6. Nemuro Hanamaru JR Tower Stellar Place. 1,432 reviews Closed Now. Japanese, Seafood $$ - $$$. Hanamaru sushi restaurant is one famous restaurant for having sushi in Sapporo... Good food, but, long waiting. 7. Kurobuta Tonkatsu Kuromatsu Sapporo Akarenga Terrace.Sapporo. Categories: city designated by government ordinance, prefectural capital of Japan, million city, big city, city for international conferences and tourism, city of Japan and locality. Location: Central Circuit, Hokkaido, Japan, East Asia, Asia. View on OpenStreetMap. Latitude. .